So, what exactly are antidepressants?
Simply put, antidepressants are prescription medications that work by balancing out the chemicals in your brain—aka, the neurotransmitters—which directly affect your moods and emotions.
In medical and scientific communities, antidepressant medications are referred to as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs). Some more common examples include Zoloft, Lexapro, Bupropion, and the famous Prozac. Other categories include serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-Is).
In addition to correcting your moods and emotions, antidepressants can also help you sleep better as well as help to regulate your appetite and improve your cognitive function—three other things that are also affected by depression.
Moreover, it’s important to acknowledge the fact that depression is associated with physical brain changes. For example, there’s a loss of volume in the hippocampus, which affects memory. Additionally, the stress hormones that depression produces in the body can negatively affect the brain’s ability to generate new neurons.
By taking antidepressants—as prescribed by a doctor—the brain’s structure and proper functions can be restored over time. This means eventually, the individual taking them can slowly stop taking them when the time is right and continue to live a healthy and happy life.